Professor Martin Rainer of Germany’s ENAMEC Institute delivered a lecture to faculty members and students of Baku State University's (BSU) Faculties of Physics and Mechanics and Mathematics.

Titled “Networks of Spins and/or Neurons: From Foundations to Applications,” the lecture explored current challenges in fundamental physics and mathematics. Professor Rainer discussed research on the emergence of spacetime, the properties of the quantum vacuum, elementary particle modelling, quantum field theory, cosmology and gravitation.

He also examined the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning in physics and mathematics, focusing on neural network fundamentals, computational efficiency, and the capabilities and limitations of generative AI. The lecture further highlighted the potential of machine learning to address global challenges, including climate change, sustainable resource management, energy and water security, and resilience in financial economics.

Professor Rainer emphasized the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration between fundamental research, applied mathematics and emerging AI technologies.

The lecture concluded with a discussion session and a question-and-answer segment.